VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Hyperglycemia could lead to increase lipid oxidation and endothelial dysfunction regulated through PPARG/STAT3/CXCR4/ICAM/VCAM cascade via Chemokine, Adipocytokine and Jak-STAT signaling pathways that could cause increase expression ICAM1, VCAM1 levels which in turn increases inflammation and obviously, increases oxidative stress [80,81].