As expected, for ICAM-1 tropic HRVs and CVA21, receptor blocking led to a >90% decrease of infection, whereas minor group HRVs and CVB3, which use the low density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor or coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor (CAR), respectively [41,42], were not affected (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene CXADR and infection.