To determine which cells are responding to TGFβ in the uninjured brain and after stroke, brain sections from mice sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after stroke and at 21 days after sham surgery were double-labeled with anti-pSmad2, a marker of TGFβ signaling, and markers of neurons (Millimark Pan Neuronal marker), oligodendrocytes (CAII), endothelial cells (β-dystroglycan), astrocytes (GFAP) and activated microglia and macrophages (CD68). Here, TGFB1 is linked to stroke disorder.