TLR9 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A statistically significant difference has been found for TLR-9 expression in BALF cells of patients with CTD-IPs when compared to IPF patients (mean ± SD, 36.7 ± 7.06 versus 14.85 ± 3.82; P = 0.025) (Figures 1, 2 and Table 3).