SERPINF1 and age-related macular degeneration: It was also shown to reduce laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, which is often noticed in AMD.[12] An AAV-mediated gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was shown to reduce choroidal neovascularization significantly in mice exposed to laser for Bruch′s membrane rupture.[13] Pre-clinical and clinical trials using the above-mentioned techniques are underway for other molecules involved in ocular neovascularization, such as protein kinase C (PKC)-β, angiopoitein-1, metalloproteinase-3 etc, in such massive scale that is beyond the scope of this review.