Serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, GMCSF, IFNγ, and TNFα, either at baseline, during the first 3 years of the trial, or from baseline to during the trial, were not associated with colorectal adenoma recurrence; with the exception that IL-12p70 was lower at baseline in individuals with high-risk and advanced adenoma recurrence than in individuals with no adenoma recurrence (Table 1; data not shown). Here, TNF is linked to colorectal adenoma.