VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: In the present study we focused on the acute response detectable within 5 days after a single instillation of PM2.5-AB and analysed a panel of protein markers assessing vasoregulatory pathways (Endothelin-1, RAS) and markers indicative for coagulation and atherosclerosis (PAI-1;TF; VCAM-1) and angiogenesis (VEGF).