Among the most widely studied and replicated disease loci associated with CD are indeed the autophagy genes ATG16L1 (rs2241880) [14] and IRGM (rs4958847, rs13361189) [15], NOD2 (rs2066844, rs2066845, and rs2066847) [16], [17], and IL23R (rs11209026) [18]. This evidence concerns the gene NOD2 and Cowden disease.