The PPARγ ligands pioglitazone and ciglitazone when used alone inhibited cell proliferation in OE33 cells derived from esophageal adenocarcinoma [11, 12]; this result suggests that PPARγ plays an important role in Barrett's carcinogenesis and that PPARγ ligands may be useful as new therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of Barrett's carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and esophageal adenocarcinoma.