In conclusion, compiling a reliable list of L/R pairs associated with PTC progression and validating the biological role of the autocrine TGFA/EGFR loop in thyroid cancer, in vitro, have enabled us to better understand the biology of BRAF- and RET/PTC-mutated PTCs and to identify potential new tools for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. This evidence concerns the gene TGFA and thyroid gland carcinoma.