The GM-CSF also mediates ADCC via stimulation of macrophages (Kushner and Cheung, 1989; Erbe et al, 1990; Liesveld et al, 1991; Tarr, 1996), and the ability of GM-CSF to increase the production of granulocytes and mononuclear cells, as well as to enhance their cytotoxic activities against tumour cells, is well documented (Kushner and Cheung, 1989; Erbe et al, 1990; Liesveld et al, 1991; Ragnhammar et al, 1992; Tarr, 1996; Yu et al, 1997). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.