It has been assumed that CsA alters gingival fibroblast activity through effects on various cytokines.[14] Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the expression of chemokine RANTES and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in gingival tissue biopsies from chronic periodontitis and CsAinduced gingival overgrowth patients. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is periodontitis.