TP53 and melanoma: Recent evidence has identified numerous mechanisms by which NDRG2 acts as a tumor suppressor and invasion attenuator: anti-proliferative suppression of AP-1 in colorectal carcinoma [52], anti-invasive suppression of NF-κB in fibrosarcoma and melanoma cell lines [53], pro-apoptotic involvement in the p53 pathway [54], and reduction in invasion and intracellular β-catenin in NDRG2-transfected cell lines [55].