On univariate analyses, in diabetes kallistatin concentrations correlated significantly with cystatin C, r = 0.28; p = 0.004, calculated GFR, r = -0.25; p = 0.009, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, r = 0.34; p = 0.001, serum creatinine, r = 0.23; p = 0.01 and serum urea, r = 0.33, p = 0.001. This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and diabetes mellitus.