These groups differed significantly by age, diabetes duration, BMI, blood pressure, renal function, ESR and CRP, (not shown), but after adjustment for these covariates, adjusted mean (95%CI) kallistatin levels remained higher in those with vs. without hypertension (13.6(12.3-14.9) vs. 11.8(10.5-13.0) μg/ml, p = 0.03). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA4 and diabetes mellitus.