TGFB1 and bacterial infectious disease: Genes encoding JAK-STAT pathway members, including Jak1 and Stat1, were found to be upregulated in our study (Table 3), suggesting that the JAK-STAT pathway may be affected by bacterial infection, which may result in changes in other cross-talk biological processes, such as NF-κB signaling pathway, TGF-β-activated SMAD pathway, and apoptosis [37].