In the lung, S100A8/A9 induces the activation of serum amyloid A that activates NF-κB inflammatory signaling and facilitates metastasis.43 In a colitis-induced mouse cancer model, S100A8/A9 and RAGE augment carcinogenesis44 and in an inflammation-associated liver cancer model, S100A8/A9 are identified as NF-κB target genes and their overexpression promotes malignant progression.45 Conversely, blockade of RAGE suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.42,46. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and liver cancer.