In conclusion, our findings shows that OSU-HDAC-44 is a novel pan-HDAC inhibitor that exhibits a broad spectrum of antitumor activities in NSCLC cell and xenograft models, which involves not only histone acetylation-dependent activation of gene transcription, but also activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways and post-translational down-regulation of mitotic regulators, Aurora B and survivin. The gene discussed is AURKB; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.