IFNAR1 and viral infectious disease: Virus infection induces the expression of negative regulators of the IFN signaling pathway such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (socs1), which associates with and inactivates Jak kinase, inhibiting the phosphorylation of both IFNAR and Stat proteins [17,18] and downregulating the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes [19].