Significantly greater proportions of high-grade serous carcinomas (grades 2 and 3) showed high-level cytoplasmic staining of both MAL2 and TPD52 compared with serous borderline tumours, and this was supported by SPCs which were significantly increased in high-grade serous carcinomas compared with serous borderline tumours (Tables 2, 3). The gene discussed is MAL2; the disease is serous adenocarcinoma.