PPARA and myocardial ischemia: Since we have previously shown that cardiac PPARα is activated in experimental DM [15], and that such PPARα activation is deleterious during experimental myocardial ischemia [38]–[49], we hypothesized that diminished PPARα gene activity conferred by the −54,642 A variant might have the opposite effect, i.e. be protective, in human subjects with acute coronary ischemic syndromes (ACS).