INS and atherosclerosis: Adiponectin has the biological effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing insulin resistance.[22] It has been reported that there is a significant relationship between OSAS and decreased serum level of adiponectin;[23] however, other studies found a normal or increased adiponectin level in patients with OSAS.[21, 24, 25] Zhang et al.[23] reported that serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the OSAS group than in the control.