We and others have previously shown that hypha formation is crucial for C. albicans pathogenicity and induction of proinflammatory responses at mucosal surfaces (Zakikhany et al., 2007; Korting et al., 2003), which results in PMN-dependent TLR4-mediated protection against subsequent fungal infection (Weindl et al., 2007). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is fungal infectious disease.