Variance of HRQOL has been associated with sociodemographic (e.g. age, gender, socio-economic status [16,18,19,23,25,26]), psychosocial (e.g. depression, anxiety, social support [12,18-21,23-25]), behavioural (e.g. alcohol consumption and smoking [11,25]), clinical (e.g. disease severity assessed by NYHA functional class or peakVO2, multimorbidity, BNP [11,13-17,20-25]) and procedural (e.g. vasodilator use [11]) determinants. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and depressive symptom measurement.