In addition, enhancement of S100B release from astrocytes might not be causative of psychotic states per se because schizophrenia does not necessarily occur in Down syndrome (which is characterized by chronically elevated S100B levels (see [104, 105])), in aged people (who also show elevated S100B levels (see [106])), or in a variety of neuroinflammatory states characterized by elevated S100B levels [17]. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is Down syndrome.