PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In patients with NAFLD, the PPARα 162Val allele was significantly associated with higher HOMA-R (4.71 ± 3.8 vs. 3.58 ± 2.7, p = 0.026), and the association persisted after the exclusion of 9 diabetic patients treated with metformin (4.8 ± 3.8 vs. 3.6 ± 2.6; p = 0.04).