Analysis of the proportion of responders within each group showed significantly more TB cases producing TNF-α, IL-12(p40), IL-13 and IL-18 compared to TST+ contacts (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.01 respectively; Fig. 3H) and TNF-α and IL-18 compared to TST− contacts (p<0.01 for both; Fig. 3H). Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.