ABCC3 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Calatozzolo et al. showed that, in contrast to expression levels in nontumor brain samples, normal human astrocytes, and cultured endothelial cells, MRP3 is hyperexpressed in astrocytomas as the primary resistance to chemotherapy with drugs like cis-platinum (CDDP) and carmustine (BCNU) [31] and that MRP3 can modulate drug sensitivity to certain anticancer agents, such as cisplatin, vincristine, and etoposide, in human gliomas [25].