LSSc-PAH patients also showed upregulated circulating levels of other inflammatory cytokines, IL1B and TNF-alpha and downstream targets of these mediators, notably the adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 These data support a role for activated DCs and macrophages in lSSc-PAH. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.