CCR5 and HIV-1 infection: Here we show that the non-TLR agonists Pam-Cys-SK4 and PHCSK4 are equally capable of enhancing HIV-1 infection of a Jurkat-CCR5 cells as Pam3CSK4 (p<0.05, Figure 5A), indicating that also for HIV-1 TLR signaling-independent enhancement of infection can be observed.