KCNN4 and infection: Although we cannot exclude a role for TLR stimulation in HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells, our observations in Jurkat cells that Pam-Cys-SK4 and PHCSK4 showed a similar enhancement of HIV-1 infection as Pam3CSK4 demonstrate that also for HIV-1 TLR-signaling-independent enhancement of infection can be observed, and is likely related to a similar mechanism as shown for RSV and MV.