MDM2 and cancer: In particular, one of the genes upregulated at the 6 h time point by AML1-ETO and PML-RARA was the p53 inhibitor MDM2. While MDM2 is known to be upregulated in many human cancers [48], it has not been previously shown to be upregulated in leukemic patients with either AML1-ETO or PML-RARA [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44].