XBP1 and cancer: Takahashi et al. [544] report an inverse correlation between XBP1 expression and histological differentiation in a series of prostate cancers without hormonal therapy, the expression of XBP1 was localized in epithelial and adenocarcinoma cells of the prostate and the majority of refractory cancer cases exhibited weak XBP1 expression), MST1/STK4 (along with MST2/STK3) act as inhibitors of endogenous AKT1, a mediator of cell growth and survival [545].