The continuous presence of the TLR2 agonist by long-term administration in relatively high concentrations may have elicited cross-tolerance toward the facultative-pathogenic commensal communities in MDR1α deficiency.13 Future studies will need to examine whether selective TLR2 activation may also exert mucosa-protective effects in other murine models of colitis (such as IL-10−/−; STAT3-mutant). Here, IL10 is linked to colitis.