GHRL and Cachexia: Octanoylated and total ghrelin levels in the stomach and blood rise between meals, during fasting, in cachexia, anorexia, or malnutrition, type I (insulinopenic) diabetes mellitus, after acute endotoxin exposure, overnight during initial deep sleep and in response to estradiol (E2), acute hypoglycemia, glucagon infusion, vagal stimulation, and chronic octanoate ingestion [77–89]: Figure 3.