VEGFA and macular retinal edema: The major findings of this study were as follows: (1) aqueous humor levels of VEGF and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in BRVO patients with macular edema than in control patients, (2) the aqueous levels of both VEGF and sICAM-1 were significantly correlated with the nonperfused area of the retina in BRVO patients, (3) aqueous levels of both VEGF and sICAM-1 were significantly correlated with the retinal thickness at the central fovea in BRVO patients, and (4) aqueous levels of VEGF and sICAM-1 showed a significant positive correlation with each other.