TPM3 and nemaline myopathy: Nemaline myopathy is caused by mutations in skeletal muscle α-actin (ACTA1) [Nowak et al., 1999; Ilkovski et al., 2001] or other actin-associated proteins including tropomyosin (TPM2 or TPM3) [Laing et al., 1995; Donner et al., 2002], nebulin, (NEB) [Pelin et al., 1999], troponin T (TNNT1) [Johnston et al., 2000], and cofilin-2 (CFL2) [Agrawal et al., 2007].