Interestingly, three tumour suppressors (FHIT, RASSF1, and VHL), which have been reported to be downregulated in NSCLC (Wikman et al, 2002; Hayes et al, 2006), were upregulated upon Enz treatment, which was validated by RT–PCR (Figure 2A–C) at the mRNA level. Here, VHL is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.