In both subcutaneous and intracranial xenografts, immunocytokine F16–IL2 promoted the recruitment of immune effector cells into glioblastoma lesions (Figure 3 and Supplementary Figure 3), in analogy to that previously observed in other immunocytokine therapies of mice with solid and haematological malignancies (Carnemolla et al, 2002; Halin et al, 2002, 2003; Mårlind et al, 2008; Schliemann et al, 2009). This evidence concerns the gene IL2 and glioblastoma.