In a small number of patients with PD, Barbeau [8] found its potentiation of the effects of levodopa to be remarkable; (3) MIF-1 can modulate dopaminergic transmission in-vitro as well as in-vivo, increasing the binding affinity of agonists to the high-affinity state of the dopamine receptor and shifting the ratio of high- and low-affinity states of the dopamine receptor in favor of the G-protein-coupled high-affinity state [9]. Here, HERPUD1 is linked to Parkinson disease.