TNF and metastatic malignant neoplasm: To determine whether inhibition of NF-κB by PDTC or BAY 11-7085 increases the percentage of apoptotic cells and renders metastatic cancer cells sensitive to TNFα-mediated killing, apoptosis was measured using Annexin V staining following treatment with PDTC, BAY 11-7085 and/or TNFα (Fig. 5a).