Efficacy data from several pivotal trials have shown that adjuvant IFN-α 2b [3,4] and pegylated interferon-α 2b (Peg-IFN-α 2b) [5] significantly prolong relapse-free survival (RFS), but not overall survival (OS) compared with observations in high-risk patients with melanoma. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and melanoma.