DGAT1 and very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: Specifically, VLCAD, MCAD, PH, PT, DGAT1, PCNA, p52, and TNFα mRNA levels were higher in hPPARα mice than in mPPARα mice, whereas PH and TNFα proteins were comparable, suggesting that mRNA and protein levels do not always correspond with each other, as noted by Ito et al. (2007).