We examined these along with four reference controls including exon 16 of MCC, exon 5 of MBD2, exon 10 of MBD1, and exon 4 of KRAS. These reference exons were chosen because they are all from single-copy genes in the genome and, more importantly, no large copy number changes were observed between tumor and normal samples. The gene discussed is MBD2; the disease is neoplasm.