Since 2006, there have been unprecedented advances in the systemic treatment of advanced RCC and six new drugs have been approved for this indication: the monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib, sunitinib and pazopanib, which inhibit VEGFRs, and the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.