VCAM1 and diabetes mellitus: It is recognized that apigenin and resveratrol decrease expressions of iNOS or VCAM-1 through inhibition of NF-kappa B [20], while ebeselen, a therapeutic drug for stroke, attenuates TNFα-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by inhibition of NF-kappa B. Furthermore, pioglitazone, a therapeutic drug for diabetes, reduces MCP-1 by stimulation of PPAR-γ [23], and NAC has an antioxidant effect and an inhibitory effect of NF-kappa B.