TLR9 and glioma: In addition to this, for the first time, we showed that chloroquine was able to inhibit the TLR9 induced invasiveness of glioma cells(Fig. 4), and thus may be used as an adjuvant for the GBM therapy, this was confirmed by Briceno et al[39,40], who showed that chloroquine may improve mid-term survival when given in addition to conventional therapy for GBM.