S100A7 and leukoplakia: These 166 oral leukoplakia lesions included 116 squamous cell hyperplasias; 54.3% (63/116) cases showed significant increase in cytoplasmic S100A7 immunostaining (total score >3, p<0.001, OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 3.2−11.9) relative to the normal tissues (Table 1 and Figure 1B(ii)).