There are limited reports of mutations in FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and TWIST1 [Renier et al., 2000; Mulliken et al., 2004; Seto et al., 2007] in some patients with non-syndromic single-suture craniosynostosis, but these explain only a small fraction of affected individuals. This evidence concerns the gene TWIST1 and craniosynostosis.