CST3 and heart failure: In contrast, Ingelsson et al. reported that the urinary albumin excretion rate predicted heart failure incidence independently of both established risk factors for heart failure and other indices of renal function (creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (MDRD) and serum cystatin C) in a community-based sample of elderly men (the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, ULSAM)[44].