These observations are consistent with previous findings, demonstrating that after oral or intravenous glucose challenges, in both normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is an increased generation of ROS and raised circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 [27, 92–94]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.