Associations between cytogenetic alterations in ccRCC and other clinicopathological features, including VHL mutation status, gender, tumor size, sarcomatoid elements, gross tumor necrosis, renal vein and vascular invasions were examined too; the significances of tests were summarized in Supplementary Table 2 and displayed in Supplementary Figure S2. Here, VHL is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.